Pilar cysts are fluid-filled lumps that develop under the skin, most commonly on the scalp. These cysts are typically benign, meaning they are not cancerous, but they can grow over time and become bothersome. While pilar cysts are usually painless, some may cause discomfort, tenderness, or infection, leading to the need for removal.
Unlike other types of cysts, pilar cysts form from hair follicle cells, which is why they are most often found on the scalp. They are more common in adults, particularly women, and may run in families. While some cysts remain small, others can grow significantly and may require medical attention.
This article explains why pilar cysts develop, when removal is necessary, and what to expect from treatment and recovery. Whether a cyst is causing discomfort or is simply an aesthetic concern, knowing the available options can help in making an informed decision.
What Are Pilar Cysts and Why Do They Develop?
Pilar cysts are benign growths that form under the skin, originating from hair follicle cells. They are most commonly found on the scalp, where hair follicles are densely packed, but they can also develop in other areas of the body. These cysts are usually smooth, round, and firm, often moving slightly when pressed.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Blocked hair follicles – Pilar cysts develop when keratin, a protein found in hair and skin, becomes trapped under the skin instead of shedding normally.
- Genetics – There is evidence that pilar cysts may run in families, making some individuals more prone to developing them.
- Age and gender – These cysts are most commonly seen in middle-aged adults, with women experiencing them more frequently than men.
- Scalp trauma or irritation – Damage to the scalp from injuries, hair treatments, or chronic irritation may contribute to cyst formation.
